
The famous photo of Wovoka [aka: Jack Wilson (1856-1932)] appears as "Wovoka with Tim McCoy, 1924" in Hittman's classic ethnography of the Paiute Ghost Dance. The photo is credited to the "Nevada Historical Society."
McCoy was an actor who was apparently edited out of this photo when it appeared as "Wovoka, the Paiute Messiah Courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution" in Brown's Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee in 1970.
As described by Page, Wovoka's Ghost Dance was an interpretation of the previous generation, Wodziwob [aka: Fishlake Joe], whose vision was of native revival after removal and reservation regimes. This ideology mixed indigenous and western traditions. The Ghost Dance was a way to resurrect indigenous ancestors which became a national movement. The Lakota adaptation of this movement was repressed by the American federal government at Wounded Knee.
The image of Wovoka is hosted by the University of Michigan archives as "Wovoka Pauite [sic as of this revision] Shaman" and the wikimedia commons source is cited. It is Public Domain because it was produced by the National Archives and Records Administration (US Code Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105). This photo was also published before 1929. The strange history of revision, potential cropping, evolving titles and liberalizing attitudes towards indigenous people make it a curious artifact from a contested time.
Dee Brown. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston 1970. pg: 415-38, 433.
Michael Hittman. Wovoka and the Ghost Dance, 1990 (Expanded Edition edited by Don Lynch) Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1997) pg: 169.
Jake Page. In The Hands of the Great Spirit New York: Free Press, 2003. pg: 324.
"Wovoka-Paiute Shaman" (by National Archives and Records Administration, 1924) "Great Native American Chiefs" Online Exhibits Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Library, 29 October 2005. item: 7266.